In the context of this ideological war, the Nazis planned and implemented the Holocaust, the mass murder of the Jews, who were considered the primary "racial" enemy. Nazi foreign policy aimed from the beginning to wage a war of annihilation against the Soviet Union, and the peacetime years of the Nazi regime were spent preparing the German people for war. Within this framework, "racially inferior" peoples, such as Jews and Gypsies, would be eliminated from the region. The Third Reich's aggressive population policy encouraged "racially pure" women to bear as many "Aryan" children as possible. Nazi foreign policy was guided by the racist belief that Germany was biologically destined to expand eastward by military force and that an enlarged, racially superior German population should establish permanent rule in eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Hitler had the final say in both domestic legislation and German foreign policy. According to the "Fuehrer principle," Hitler stood outside the legal state and determined matters of policy himself. Hitler's dictatorship rested on his position as Reich President (head of state), Reich Chancellor (head of government), and Fuehrer (head of the Nazi party). The army swore an oath of personal loyalty to him. Upon the death of German president Paul von Hindenburg in August 1934, Hitler assumed the powers of the presidency. The Nazi regime also attempted to "coordinate" the German churches and, although not entirely successful, won support from a majority of Catholic and Protestant clergymen.Įxtensive propaganda was used to spread the regime's goals and ideals. Culture, the economy, education, and law all came under Nazi control. In the first months of Hitler's chancellorship, the Nazis instituted a policy of "coordination"-the alignment of individuals and institutions with Nazi goals. After a suspicious fire in the Reichstag (the German Parliament), on February 28, 1933, the government issued a decree which suspended constitutional civil rights and created a state of emergency in which official decrees could be enacted without parliamentary confirmation. Following the appointment of Adolf Hitler as chancellor on January 30, 1933, the Nazi state (also referred to as the Third Reich) quickly became a regime in which Germans enjoyed no guaranteed basic rights. The Nazi rise to power brought an end to the Weimar Republic, a parliamentary democracy established in Germany after World War I.
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